Bluebook Citation Guide

Case Citations

Learn the Bluebook rules for citing cases from federal and state courts with correct reporter, court, and year format.

Overview

Case citations follow Bluebook Rule 10. A standard case citation includes the case name, volume number, reporter abbreviation, first page, pinpoint page, and a parenthetical with the court and year. For example: Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).

The reporter identifies where the case is published. Federal cases appear in reporters like U.S. (Supreme Court), F.3d (courts of appeals), and F. Supp. 3d (district courts). State cases usually appear in regional reporters such as N.E.3d or S.E.2d. Always confirm the correct reporter and court abbreviation in Bluebook Table T1.

Case names must be abbreviated according to Bluebook Table T6. Proper short forms, such as using a single party name with a volume and reporter, appear after the first full citation.

Formatting Rules

  • Italicize case names and abbreviate words according to Bluebook Table T6.
  • Use the correct reporter and series for the court and time period.
  • Include the court abbreviation in the parenthetical unless the reporter already identifies the court.
  • Add pinpoint pages after the first page with a comma and a space.
  • Use short forms only after the full citation appears in the same discussion.

Examples

Supreme Court Case

Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).

Court of Appeals

United States v. Booker, 375 F.3d 508, 512 (7th Cir. 2004).

District Court

Doe v. Smith, 312 F. Supp. 3d 120, 128 (S.D.N.Y. 2018).

State Supreme Court

Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R. Co., 162 N.E. 99, 100 (N.Y. 1928).

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I include the court name for U.S. Supreme Court cases?

No. For citations to U.S. Reports, include only the year in the parenthetical because the reporter already identifies the court.

What is a pinpoint citation for a case?

A pinpoint citation identifies a specific page in the opinion. Add it after the first page number, such as 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).

When can I use a case short form?

Use a short form after the full citation appears and the short form is clear. It should be within the same discussion, typically within five footnotes in law review format.

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Disclaimer: While this guide follows Bluebook 21st edition rules, always verify citations with official Bluebook resources or your institution's requirements. This content is for educational assistance only.

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