Bluebook Citation Guide

New York Supplement Citations (N.Y.S., N.Y.S.2d, N.Y.S.3d)

Format citations for decisions from all levels of the New York state court system, including the Court of Appeals, Appellate Division, and Supreme Court.

Overview

The New York Supplement (N.Y.S.) is a West reporter that publishes decisions from all levels of the New York state court system. The series has progressed through three iterations: N.Y.S. (1888--1937), N.Y.S.2d (1937--2011), and N.Y.S.3d (2011--present). Unlike the regional reporters, the New York Supplement is state-specific and covers all New York courts.

New York has a uniquely confusing court hierarchy for the uninitiated. The highest court is the Court of Appeals, not the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is actually a trial-level court of general jurisdiction. The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court functions as the intermediate appellate court. This structure makes correct court abbreviations critically important in citations.

For the Court of Appeals (highest court), use "N.Y." in the parenthetical. For the Appellate Division, use "N.Y. App. Div." followed by the department (1st Dep't, 2d Dep't, 3d Dep't, or 4th Dep't). For the Supreme Court (trial level), use "N.Y. Sup. Ct." Note that Court of Appeals decisions should generally be cited to N.E.2d or N.E.3d for non-New York filings.

Formatting Rules

  • The Court of Appeals (highest court) is cited as (N.Y. [year]) — but prefer N.E.2d/N.E.3d for non-New York filings.
  • The Appellate Division is cited as (N.Y. App. Div. [Dep't] [year]), e.g., (N.Y. App. Div. 1st Dep't 2020).
  • The Supreme Court (trial court) is cited as (N.Y. Sup. Ct. [year]) — do not confuse with the highest court.
  • Use the correct series based on the decision date: N.Y.S. (1888--1937), N.Y.S.2d (1937--2011), N.Y.S.3d (2011--present).
  • Departments are abbreviated: 1st Dep't, 2d Dep't, 3d Dep't, 4th Dep't (note "2d" not "2nd" and "3d" not "3rd").
  • In New York state court filings, local rules may require the official reporter citation (N.Y.2d, A.D.2d, A.D.3d, or Misc. 2d/3d).

Examples

Appellate Division, 1st Dep't

Auerbach v. Bennett, 393 N.Y.S.2d 994 (N.Y. App. Div. 1st Dep't 1977)

Appellate Division, 2d Dep't

Matter of Smith v. Jones, 125 N.Y.S.3d 456 (N.Y. App. Div. 2d Dep't 2020)

Supreme Court (Trial Level)

Doe v. Roe, 93 N.Y.S.3d 200 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2019)

Appellate Term

People v. Garcia, 45 N.Y.S.3d 789 (N.Y. App. Term 1st Dep't 2017)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between N.Y.S. and N.E. for New York cases?

The New York Supplement (N.Y.S.) covers all New York state courts and is used primarily in New York practice. The North Eastern Reporter (N.E.) publishes Court of Appeals decisions alongside cases from other states. For academic citation and non-New York filings, the Bluebook generally prefers N.E.2d/N.E.3d for Court of Appeals decisions.

Why is New York's Supreme Court a trial court?

New York's court naming convention is historically unusual. The Supreme Court is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction, while the Court of Appeals is the state's highest court. The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court functions as the intermediate appellate court. Always use the correct court abbreviation to avoid confusion.

How do I abbreviate Appellate Division departments?

Use ordinal abbreviations with "Dep't": 1st Dep't, 2d Dep't, 3d Dep't, 4th Dep't. Note the Bluebook uses "2d" (not "2nd") and "3d" (not "3rd").

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Federal Reporter Citations (F., F.2d, F.3d, F.4th)

Format citations for U.S. Courts of Appeals decisions published in the Federal Reporter series, from the original F. through the current F.4th.

Atlantic Reporter Citations (A., A.2d, A.3d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Connecticut, Delaware, D.C., Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Pacific Reporter Citations (P., P.2d, P.3d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

South Western Reporter Citations (S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas.

North Western Reporter Citations (N.W., N.W.2d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

South Eastern Reporter Citations (S.E., S.E.2d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Southern Reporter Citations (So., So. 2d, So. 3d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

North Eastern Reporter Citations (N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d)

Format citations for state court decisions from Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio.

California Reporter Citations (Cal. Rptr., Cal. Rptr. 2d, Cal. Rptr. 3d)

Format citations for California Court of Appeal and Supreme Court decisions published in the California Reporter series.

Disclaimer: While this guide follows Bluebook 21st edition rules, always verify citations with official Bluebook resources or your institution's requirements. This content is for educational assistance only.