State Citation Guide

Massachusetts Bluebook Citation Guide

Master Bluebook citations for the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and Appeals Court using the North Eastern Reporter.

Overview

Massachusetts cases are reported in the North Eastern Reporter series (N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d). Massachusetts still publishes official reporters — Massachusetts Reports (Mass.) for the Supreme Judicial Court and Massachusetts Appeals Court Reports (Mass. App. Ct.) for the Appeals Court. Under Bluebook Table T1, cite Massachusetts cases to the North Eastern Reporter.

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) is the oldest appellate court in continuous existence in the Western Hemisphere (established in 1692). It is abbreviated "Mass." in Bluebook citations. The Massachusetts Appeals Court, created in 1972, is abbreviated "Mass. App. Ct."

Massachusetts has a rich legal history, and many landmark decisions from the SJC — including early constitutional and tort law cases — are frequently cited in law school courses. When citing older cases reported in Mass. Reports before the North Eastern Reporter existed, the official reporter citation may be the only available source.

Massachusetts Court Hierarchy

CourtBluebook AbbreviationReporter
Supreme Judicial CourtMass.N.E.3d (N.E.2d)
Appeals CourtMass. App. Ct.N.E.3d

Massachusetts Citation Rules

  • Cite to N.E.3d (or N.E.2d for older cases) under Bluebook rules.
  • Use "Mass." for the Supreme Judicial Court and "Mass. App. Ct." for the Appeals Court.
  • Do not include parallel citations to the official Massachusetts Reports.
  • For very old cases pre-dating the North Eastern Reporter, cite to the official Massachusetts Reports.
  • Include the year of the decision in the parenthetical.
  • Massachusetts courts may require parallel citations in filings — check local rules.

Example Citations

Supreme Judicial Court

Commonwealth v. Carter, 115 N.E.3d 559 (Mass. 2019)

Appeals Court

Doe v. Roe, 958 N.E.2d 872 (Mass. App. Ct. 2011)

SJC (Landmark)

Goodridge v. Dep't of Pub. Health, 798 N.E.2d 941 (Mass. 2003)

Frequently Asked Questions

What reporter do I cite for Massachusetts cases?

Cite to the North Eastern Reporter (N.E.3d for recent cases) under Bluebook rules.

Is the SJC or the Appeals Court the higher court in Massachusetts?

The Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) is the court of last resort. The Appeals Court is the intermediate appellate court.

How do I cite very old Massachusetts cases?

For cases predating the North Eastern Reporter, cite to Massachusetts Reports (Mass.) as the only available source. For all modern cases, cite to N.E.2d or N.E.3d.

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Disclaimer: While this guide follows Bluebook 21st edition rules, always verify citations with official Bluebook resources or your institution's requirements. This content is for educational assistance only.

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